At the end of this course, students should know the main languages ​​for knowledge representation used in artificial intelligence, as well as algorithms and systems that enable them to develop applications that take advantage of the represented knowledge. They should also realize the advantages of using some of these languages ​​in modelling Data Bases and Information Systems.

Knowledge:

• Main languages ​​for the representation of ontologies.
• Reasoning algorithms for these languages, and their usefulness.
• Interplay between the expressiveness of representation languages ​​and the computational complexity of reasoning.
• Limitations of these languages ​​for the representation of common sense knowledge.
• Main languages ​​for representation of common sense knowledge in Artificial Intelligence.
• Reasoning algorithms on these languages, and their usefulness.

Know-how:

• Use knowledge representation languages for modelling Databases, and simple application domains in Artificial Intelligence;
• Apply reasoning mechanisms for ​​knowledge representation languages to test for the correctness of Database models and to formulate more expressive Database queries.
• Apply reasoning mechanisms for ​​knowledge representation languages ​​to derive consequences in general domain areas (in Artificial Intelligence);
• Relate these knowledge representation languages ​​with data integration problems in Databases;
• Use these knowledge representation languages ​​for problem modelling and solving, including problems of satisfaction and scheduling;
• Use systems that implement reasoning mechanisms for ​​knowledge representation languages, and integrate with other systems for building applications.

Soft-Skills:

• Apply formal theoretical knowledge in real-world applications;
• Become aware of design trade-offs;

The course has a first part, which focuses on languages for domain specification (sometimes also known as Ontology Languages), and reasoning methods and algorithms for these languages. These languages have application both in the area of Artificial Intelligence, and in the area of Data Bases and Information Systems. In the second part, the course focuses on languages and systems for knowledge representation in typical problems of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in languages for the representation of commonsense knowledge, and the representation of knowledge in problems of satisfaction, scheduling and planning.

1. Introduction to Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
2. Ontology Based Systems
   1. Modeling information through ontologies
   2. Ontology Languages (Description Logics)
   3. Query answering over databases and ontologies
   4. Ontology based data access
   5. Ontology based data integration
   6. Reasoning in Ontology Languages
3. Rule Based Systems
   1. Non-monotonic Reasoning
   2. Datalog
   3. Datalog based data access
   4. Datalog based data integration
   5. Answer-Set Programming

Text Books

• Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Ronald Brachman & Hector Levesque, Morgan Kaufmann 2004.

• Answer Set Solving in Practice by M. Gebser, R. Kaminski, B. Kaufmann, and T. Schaub. Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Morgan and Claypool, 2012.

• Handbook of Knowledge Representation edited by Frank van Harmelen, Vladimir Lifschitz and Bruce Porter, Elsevier 2007.

• The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications. F. Baader, D. Calvanese, D. McGuinness, D. Nardi, and P. F. Patel-Schneider. Cambridge University Press, 2003.